Can you live off-grid in Portage County, Wisconsin?
83
of 100
Good with caveats
Yes, with one thing to plan around. Wells are shallow here, near 70 feet, which keeps drilling costs down. Septic will likely cost more, because the soil stays wet most of the year.
What the land says
Rain
Rain helps, but plan on a well for most of your water and on watering the garden in dry months.
About 34 inches a year (PRISM, 1991 to 2020 average)
Wells
Shallow wells, so drilling should be one of the cheaper costs.
The typical well here is about 70 feet deep; a well typically runs $5,000 to $11,000
Growing season
Enough for most vegetables. Start tomatoes and peppers indoors.
About 151 frost-free days, USDA zone 4b; last frost about May 7, first about October 6
Sun
Good sun. Size the array and battery bank for winter.
About 4.6 hours of full sun a day, averaged over the year
Flood
Flood zones run along creeks and rivers here. Look up the parcel on FEMA's flood map.
FEMA maps flood zones within a quarter mile in places
Wildfire
Low wildfire risk.
U.S. Forest Service wildfire hazard map: Very Low to Moderate here
Storms
Hurricanes and strong tornadoes are rare here.
NOAA: no hurricane-strength storm within 50 miles since 1975; about 1 strong (EF2 or stronger) tornado a decade within 25 miles
Terrain
Flat, but the ground stays wet. Build on the higher, drier spot.
Slopes average about 1%, about 1,110 feet above sea level
Soil
Expect an engineered septic system. The ground stays wet most of the year. The county's soil test decides.
Loam, very poorly drained (USDA soil survey). An engineered system typically runs $15,000 to $25,000
Road
Paved roads are close by.
Nearest paved road usually within about 0.9 miles (OpenStreetMap)
Check a Wisconsin parcel, or plan the one you own
Get a free 0-100 off-grid score.
A step-by-step build plan, sizing your solar, water, garden, septic, heat, and buildings.
Is it legal here?
Zoning
Set town by town. County zoning applies in a town only if the town board has approved it, and some towns zone on their own, so ask the town clerk with the parcel's address.
Building code
Wisconsin's Uniform Dwelling Code is a statewide building code for new one- and two-family homes. The town, village, city, or county enforces it with a building permit and inspections, and in a small town that does neither, the state Department of Safety and Professional Services does, so plan on a permit for a new house almost anywhere.
Rainwater
Collecting it is allowed.
Composting toilets
Allowed with a permit and an approved unit.
Water rights
Owners of land along a creek or lake can make reasonable use of its water.
Drilled to about 70 feet, with pump and pressure tank
Septic
$15,000 to $25,000
Engineered system
Solar and batteries
$19,000 to $37,000
Sized for a modest household
Road or driveway
$3,000 to $9,000
From the nearest road to a house site
Clearing
$1,000 to $4,000
A house site, solar, and garden
Total
$43,000 to $86,000
Before the house
Before you make an offer on land here
Soil test
Get a soil test before you count on septic.
The soil stays wet, which can rule out a standard system.
Flood map
Look up the parcel on FEMA's flood map.
Flood zones run along creeks and rivers here. Building in one means flood insurance and extra permits.
Zoning
Call the town or township office with the parcel's address.
Set town by town. County zoning applies in a town only if the town board has approved it, and some towns zone on their own, so ask the town clerk with the parcel's address.
Nearby counties
71,024 people live in Portage County, about 88.7 per square mile. It ranks tied for 58th of the 72 Wisconsin counties we scored, and Wisconsin ranks 28th of 50 states.