Best States / Vermont / Windham County

Windham County, VT · off-grid fact sheet

Can you live off-grid in Windham County, Vermont?

85
of 100
Good with caveats

Yes, with two things to plan around. Water is easy here, with about 55 inches of rain a year and wells near 100 feet. The growing season is only about 139 frost-free days, so plan on cold-hardy crops and a greenhouse. The ground is steep, with slopes averaging about 23%. That raises the cost of a driveway, septic, and foundation.

What the land says

Rain
Rain can supply much of a household's water with a large tank. A garden mostly waters itself in normal years.
About 55 inches a year (PRISM, 1991 to 2020 average)
Wells
Shallow wells, so drilling should be one of the cheaper costs.
The typical well here is about 100 feet deep; a well typically runs $6,000 to $13,000
Growing season
Short. Start seeds indoors and favor cold-hardy crops.
About 139 frost-free days, USDA zone 5b; last frost about May 15, first about October 1
Sun
Good sun. Size the array and battery bank for winter.
About 4.6 hours of full sun a day, averaged over the year
Flood
Flood zones run along creeks and rivers here. Look up the parcel on FEMA's flood map.
FEMA maps flood zones in places
Wildfire
Low wildfire risk.
U.S. Forest Service wildfire hazard map: Very Low here
Storms
Hurricanes and strong tornadoes are rare here.
NOAA: one hurricane-strength storm within 50 miles since 1975; about 0.3 strong (EF2 or stronger) tornadoes a decade within 25 miles
Terrain
Steep in places. Driveways, septic, and foundations cost more.
Slopes average about 23%, about 1,430 feet above sea level
Soil
Good ground for a standard septic system. The county's soil test decides.
Loamy sand, well drained (USDA soil survey). A standard system typically runs $5,000 to $10,000
Road
Paved roads are close by.
Nearest paved road usually within about 0.4 miles (OpenStreetMap)

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Is it legal here?

Zoning
Set by the town, not the county. The rules depend on which town the parcel is in.
Building code
Vermont has no statewide building code for an owner-occupied single-family home (the state code covers public buildings and rentals), though a town may adopt its own, so ask the town. New homes must meet the state residential energy code unless the owner builds to live in it and discloses any shortfall to a later buyer.
Rainwater
Collecting it is allowed.
Composting toilets
Allowed.
Water rights
Owners of land along a creek or lake can make reasonable use of its water.

Look up a parcel's zoning free, or read Is it legal to live off-grid in Vermont? for permits, septic, wells, and the counties that opt out.

What it costs to set up a homestead here

Well
$6,000 to $13,000
Drilled to about 100 feet, with pump and pressure tank
Septic
$5,000 to $10,000
Standard system
Solar and batteries
$18,000 to $34,000
Sized for a modest household
Road or driveway
$3,000 to $8,000
From the nearest road to a house site
Clearing
$1,000 to $4,000
A house site, solar, and garden
Total
$33,000 to $70,000
Before the house

Before you make an offer on land here

Flood map
Look up the parcel on FEMA's flood map.
Flood zones run along creeks and rivers here. Building in one means flood insurance and extra permits.
Zoning
Call the town office with the parcel's address.
Zoning here is set by the town, not the county.
Soil test
Get a soil test before you count on septic.
The county has to approve the ground before it issues a septic permit.

Nearby counties

45,966 people live in Windham County, about 58.5 per square mile. It ranks tied for 7th of the 14 Vermont counties we scored, and Vermont ranks 30th of 50 states.

Bennington County, VT · Cheshire County, NH · Franklin County, MA · Sullivan County, NH · Windsor County, VT · Washington County, NY · All scored Vermont counties

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Sources: FEMA flood maps, USGS and state driller well records, USGS brackish groundwater study, USDA soil survey, USGS 3DEP elevation, U.S. Forest Service wildfire hazard, USGS seismic hazard, USGS PAD-US public land, U.S. Census housing counts, USDA county land values, FCC broadband map, CMS hospital list. Rainfall: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, prism.oregonstate.edu (1991-2020 normals, 4 km grid; accessed 2026-09-17). Temperatures: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, prism.oregonstate.edu (1991-2020 temperature normals, 4 km grid; accessed 2026-09-26). Storms: NOAA hurricane tracks (HURDAT2, 1975-2025) and Storm Prediction Center tornado paths (EF2+, 1990-2025). Roads: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Data updated September 2026.