Can you live off-grid in Berkshire County, Massachusetts?
89
of 100
Good with caveats
Yes, with one thing to plan around. Water is easy here, with about 51 inches of rain a year and wells near 90 feet. Septic will likely cost more, because rock or a hard layer sits about 28 inches down.
What the land says
Rain
Rain can supply much of a household's water with a large tank. A garden mostly waters itself in normal years.
About 51 inches a year (PRISM, 1991 to 2020 average)
Wells
Shallow wells, so drilling should be one of the cheaper costs.
The typical well here is about 90 feet deep; a well typically runs $6,000 to $14,000
Growing season
Enough for most vegetables. Start tomatoes and peppers indoors.
About 156 frost-free days, USDA zone 5b; last frost about May 8, first about October 10
Sun
Good sun. Size the array and battery bank for winter.
About 4.5 hours of full sun a day, averaged over the year
Flood
Flood zones are rare here. Still, look up the parcel on FEMA's flood map.
FEMA maps no flood zones nearby
Wildfire
Low wildfire risk.
U.S. Forest Service wildfire hazard map: Very Low to Moderate here
Storms
Hurricanes and strong tornadoes are rare here.
NOAA: one hurricane-strength storm within 50 miles since 1975; about 1 strong (EF2 or stronger) tornado a decade within 25 miles
Terrain
Rolling ground. Look for a flat house site.
Slopes average about 11%, about 1,510 feet above sea level
Soil
Expect a costlier septic system, because rock or a hard layer sits about 28 inches down. The county's soil test decides.
Loam, well drained (USDA soil survey). A mound, sand filter, or treatment unit typically runs $10,000 to $20,000
Road
Paved roads are close by.
Nearest paved road usually within about 0.5 miles (OpenStreetMap)
Check a Massachusetts parcel, or plan the one you own
Get a free 0-100 off-grid score.
A step-by-step build plan, sizing your solar, water, garden, septic, heat, and buildings.
Is it legal here?
Zoning
Set by the town, not the county. The rules depend on which town the parcel is in.
Building code
The Massachusetts State Building Code (780 CMR, 10th edition, which adopts the 2021 International Residential Code for homes) applies in every city and town. Each city and town must employ a building commissioner or inspector to enforce it, so the town building department is where you get your permit.
Rainwater
Collecting it is allowed.
Composting toilets
Allowed with a permit and an approved unit.
Water rights
Owners of land along a creek or lake can make reasonable use of its water.
Drilled to about 90 feet, with pump and pressure tank
Septic
$10,000 to $20,000
Mound, sand filter, or treatment unit
Solar and batteries
$21,000 to $31,000
Sized for a modest household
Road or driveway
$4,000 to $10,000
From the nearest road to a house site
Clearing
$1,000 to $5,000
A house site, solar, and garden
Total
$41,000 to $79,000
Before the house
Before you make an offer on land here
Soil test
Get a soil test before you count on septic.
Rock or a hard layer sits about 28 inches down, which can rule out a standard system.
Zoning
Call the town office with the parcel's address.
Zoning here is set by the town, not the county.
Road access
Confirm the parcel fronts a public road or has a recorded easement.
Without one, you may not have a legal way in.
Nearby counties
126,818 people live in Berkshire County, about 136.8 per square mile. It ranks 6th of the 13 Massachusetts counties we scored, and Massachusetts ranks 22nd of 50 states.